ورقه عمل - Oil in Sudan
صفحة 1 من اصل 1
ورقه عمل - Oil in Sudan
1
UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID
(UAM)
Oil in Sudan
Facts and Impact on Sudanese Domestic and International Relations
Student name: Ismail S.H. Ziada
Course: Geoecomoia y Geopolitica
Professor: Alejandro Lorca
Program: Doctorado De Economia y Relaciones Intrnacionales
2
Content
Introduction 2
Chapter 1
Oil industry in Sudan 4
1.1 Brief history 4
1.2 Oil reserves and production 5
1.2.1 Reserves 5
1.2.2 Production 5
1.3 Overview of interests of foreign oil companies currently operating in Sudan 6
Chapter 2
Oil and south and north Civil war 7
Chapter 3
Oil and the Sudanese-US relations 9
3.1 Background 9
3.2 1972-1985 9
3.3 1985-1989 10
3.4 1989-2000 11
3.5 2000-2006 14
Chapter 4
Oil and the Sudanese-Chinese relations 17
Conclusions and Perspectives 20
Maps 22
References 24
3
Introduction
Since its independence of Britain and separation from Egypt in 1956, Sudan has enjoyed only
11 years of relative stability and peace.
The oil discoveries in Sudan, in the late 1970’s have additionally aggravated the political and
economic situation in Sudan. The oil discoveries played a pivotal role in igniting the second
civil war in 1983 and complicated the possibilities for peace between the south and north as it
became the central objective for the fighting parties.
This paper investigates the impact of oil on the internal situation in Sudan as well as its
impact on Sudan’s international relations. The paper will focus on the role of the main two
foreign actors whose policies were and still are very influential within Sudan; China and the
United States.
The paper argues that oil has had a catastrophic impact on Sudan. It played a key role in
igniting the second civil war in 1983 and complicated the possibilities for peace between the
south and north as control over it became the central issue for a settlement of the conflict. The
civil war made Sudan vulnerable. Internally it depleted the economy and any prospect for
development. In addition it rendered Sudan vulnerable to external imperialist aggressive
policies. The civil war and The United States imperialist aggressive policies aimed at
controlling Sudan’s natural resource (mainly oil), in fact has put the country on the verge of
collapse as a state.
Although the focus of this paper is on the impact of oil, it should be mentioned here that
Sudan has many more valuable natural resources apart from oil. Its mineral wealth includes
significant reserves of uranium, copper, diamonds,[url=#] gold[/url], iron ore, mica, silver, talc, tungsten,
uranium, and zinc. Sudan’s total land surface amounts to 2.51 million square km. of which
about half is cultivable. However, only 170.000 square km. is actually being used for
cultivation. Sudan has a strategic position on the Red Sea, with borders with nine countries;
Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central Republic of Africa, Democratic republic of Congo, Uganda,
Kenya, Ethiopia, and Eritrea. The Sudanese potential for development is therefore vast if a
situation would arise in which its resources could be fully used for the benefit of the Sudanese
people and the development of the country in general. This fact is perceived as a threat to the
interests of the United States and its regional allies as it implies the possibility for the
emergence of a strong and independent Sudan.
4
The outline of this paper is as follows. In the first chapter some background information will
be provided on Sudan’s oil wealth as well as some details on foreign involvement in the oil
exploration and exploitation over the years.
Subsequently, in chapter two, a brief overview will be given on the internal Sudanese
developments sine oil exploration was initiated in Sudan.
In chapter three the role of the United States and its policies towards Sudan will be discussed
followed by a similar discussion on the Chinese role and policies towards the country in
chapter four.
In the conclusion I aim to provide a brief overview and interpretation of the described
developments as well as a personal perspective on the possible future of Sudan.
UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID
(UAM)
Oil in Sudan
Facts and Impact on Sudanese Domestic and International Relations
Student name: Ismail S.H. Ziada
Course: Geoecomoia y Geopolitica
Professor: Alejandro Lorca
Program: Doctorado De Economia y Relaciones Intrnacionales
2
Content
Introduction 2
Chapter 1
Oil industry in Sudan 4
1.1 Brief history 4
1.2 Oil reserves and production 5
1.2.1 Reserves 5
1.2.2 Production 5
1.3 Overview of interests of foreign oil companies currently operating in Sudan 6
Chapter 2
Oil and south and north Civil war 7
Chapter 3
Oil and the Sudanese-US relations 9
3.1 Background 9
3.2 1972-1985 9
3.3 1985-1989 10
3.4 1989-2000 11
3.5 2000-2006 14
Chapter 4
Oil and the Sudanese-Chinese relations 17
Conclusions and Perspectives 20
Maps 22
References 24
3
Introduction
Since its independence of Britain and separation from Egypt in 1956, Sudan has enjoyed only
11 years of relative stability and peace.
The oil discoveries in Sudan, in the late 1970’s have additionally aggravated the political and
economic situation in Sudan. The oil discoveries played a pivotal role in igniting the second
civil war in 1983 and complicated the possibilities for peace between the south and north as it
became the central objective for the fighting parties.
This paper investigates the impact of oil on the internal situation in Sudan as well as its
impact on Sudan’s international relations. The paper will focus on the role of the main two
foreign actors whose policies were and still are very influential within Sudan; China and the
United States.
The paper argues that oil has had a catastrophic impact on Sudan. It played a key role in
igniting the second civil war in 1983 and complicated the possibilities for peace between the
south and north as control over it became the central issue for a settlement of the conflict. The
civil war made Sudan vulnerable. Internally it depleted the economy and any prospect for
development. In addition it rendered Sudan vulnerable to external imperialist aggressive
policies. The civil war and The United States imperialist aggressive policies aimed at
controlling Sudan’s natural resource (mainly oil), in fact has put the country on the verge of
collapse as a state.
Although the focus of this paper is on the impact of oil, it should be mentioned here that
Sudan has many more valuable natural resources apart from oil. Its mineral wealth includes
significant reserves of uranium, copper, diamonds,[url=#] gold[/url], iron ore, mica, silver, talc, tungsten,
uranium, and zinc. Sudan’s total land surface amounts to 2.51 million square km. of which
about half is cultivable. However, only 170.000 square km. is actually being used for
cultivation. Sudan has a strategic position on the Red Sea, with borders with nine countries;
Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central Republic of Africa, Democratic republic of Congo, Uganda,
Kenya, Ethiopia, and Eritrea. The Sudanese potential for development is therefore vast if a
situation would arise in which its resources could be fully used for the benefit of the Sudanese
people and the development of the country in general. This fact is perceived as a threat to the
interests of the United States and its regional allies as it implies the possibility for the
emergence of a strong and independent Sudan.
4
The outline of this paper is as follows. In the first chapter some background information will
be provided on Sudan’s oil wealth as well as some details on foreign involvement in the oil
exploration and exploitation over the years.
Subsequently, in chapter two, a brief overview will be given on the internal Sudanese
developments sine oil exploration was initiated in Sudan.
In chapter three the role of the United States and its policies towards Sudan will be discussed
followed by a similar discussion on the Chinese role and policies towards the country in
chapter four.
In the conclusion I aim to provide a brief overview and interpretation of the described
developments as well as a personal perspective on the possible future of Sudan.
- المرفقات
مواضيع مماثلة
» Oil Opportunities in Sudan
» Sudan OIL & CONFLICT TIMELINE
» Sudan OIL & CONFLICT TIMELINE- 2
» Sudan OIL & CONFLICT TIMELINE- 3
» History of Oil and Gas Industry in Sudan
» Sudan OIL & CONFLICT TIMELINE
» Sudan OIL & CONFLICT TIMELINE- 2
» Sudan OIL & CONFLICT TIMELINE- 3
» History of Oil and Gas Industry in Sudan
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